Designing and manufacturing
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by: venkat
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Process design" (in contrast to "design process") refers to the planning of routine steps of a process aside from the expected result. Processes (in general) are treated as a product of design, not the method of design. The term originated with the industrial designing of chemical processes. With the increasing complexities of the information age, consultants and executives have found the term useful to describe the design of business processes as well as manufacturing processes.
Designing normally requires a designer to consider the aesthetic, functional, and many other aspects of an object or a process, which usually requires considerable research, thought, modeling, interactive adjustment, and re-design.
A design process may include a series of steps followed by designers. Depending on the product or service, some of these stages may be irrelevant, ignored in real-world situations in order to save time, reduce cost, or because they may be redundant in the situation.
The first step in the design process is the identification, classification and selection of constraints. The process of design then proceeds from here by manipulating design variables so as to satisfy the non-negotiable constraints and optimizing those which are negotiable. It is possible for a set of non-negotiable constraints to be in conflict resulting in a design with no solution; in this case the non-negotiable constraints must be revised. For example, take the design of a chair. A chair must support a certain weight to be useful, and this is a non-negotiable constraint. The cost of producing the chair might be another. The choice of materials and the aesthetic qualities of the chair might be negotiable.
Typical stages of the design process include:
Pre-production design
o Design brief - a statement of design goals
o Analysis - analysis of current design goals
o Research - investigating similar design solutions in the field or related topics
o Specification - specifying requirements of a design solution
o Problem solving - conceptualizing and documenting design solutions
o Presentation - presenting design solutions
Design during production
o Development - continuation and improvement of a designed solution
o Testing - in-situ testing a designed solution
Post-production design feedback for future designs
o Implementation - introducing the designed solution into the environment
o Evaluation and conclusion - summary of process and results, including constructive criticism and suggestions for future improvements.
Redesign - any or all stages in the design process repeated (with corrections made) at any time before, during, or after production.
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